Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, autoimmune disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss. Pediatric AA constitutes approximately 20% of all AA cases. There are several studies in literature that evaluate the clinical profile of AA in the general population, but studies conducted exclusively on the pediatric population are scarce.

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to know the clinical profile of AA in pediatric population.

Materials and Methods: A total of 84 children with AA who presented to the Dermatology Outpatient Department of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, during the period of November 2016-October 2017 were enrolled to study the clinical profile. A detailed history of each patient was taken and thorough clinical examination was done along with hair pull test and noting the presence of “exclamation mark” hairs.

Results and Conclusion: The highest number of patients (51%) belonged to the age group of 6-10 years. There was a slight female preponderance (55%) with male-to-female ratio being 1:1.2. Atopy was found to be associated with 17.5% of patients. Other autoimmune diseases were found to be concomitant in three patients. Anemia was found to be associated in 6% of patients. Concurrent infections were seen in 12.5% of patients. Most patients presented with patchy AA and among them most had multiple lesions. Ophiasis pattern was seen in two patients. Alopecia subtotalis and universalis were seen in one patient each. Nail changes including superficial pitting and punctate leukonychia were observed in 14% of the patients.

KEY WORDS: Autoimmune disease, clinical profile, pediatric alopecia areata

How to cite this article: Singh C, Rathore PK, Goyal S, Haritha T. Clinical profile of alopecia areata in pediatric population. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2018;3(4):57-64.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 23-11-2018

Accepted: 12-12-2018

Sebaceous carcinoma involving eyelid is one of the rare malignancies. Its diagnosis presents a challenge as it masquerades other periocular lesions. Its prognosis is poor as compared to other malignant eyelid tumors and mortality second highest to malignant melanoma. The present case report is an extensive sebaceous carcinoma involving the left eyelid.

KEY WORDS: Histopathology, ocular adnexa malignancy, sebaceous carcinoma

How to cite this article: Agrawal C, Agarwal A, Garg C. A rare case of extensive sebaceous carcinoma of the left eyelid: A case report with literature review. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2018;3(4):65-67.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None.

Received: 12-11-2018

Accepted: 03-12-2018

There are various modes of foreign bodies in the body. It can be inhaled, ingested, and inserted into the body. The same can be inside the body by iatrogenic cause or traumatic injury. The penetrating foreign bodies in the neck have special circumstances due to vital structures. We have presented a 26-year-old male patient with two discharging sinuses with mild pain, one at submandibular area and other below the left infraauricular region for 4 months. He had a history of road traffic accident 4 months back with small lacerated wound below chin, for which he was being treated conservatively without any improvement. On neck exploration, 6.5 cm long wooden piece was removed carefully due to close proximity to major vessels at its lateral end without any intraoperative complication. This case is described here because strong suspicion is must to rule out neglected foreign body if there is a history of road traffic accident.

KEY WORDS: Penetrating injury, road traffic accident, wooden foreign body

How to cite this article: Kumar S, Gupta A, Dutta E, Sujata S. Wooden foreign body neck: A diagnostic dilemma. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2018;3(4):68-71.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None.

Received: 12-11-2018

Accepted: 03-12-2018

Primary achalasia is a rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter due to the loss of the ganglion cells in the myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus. Presentation of achalasia cardia with respiratory complication is far more rare entity with most common respiratory complications as aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, pyopneumothorax, and pneumothorax. We report a case of a 54-year-old chronic smoker male presented with complaints of cough with sputum, fever (on and off), shortness of breath, and chest pain and dysphagia. The chest X-ray showed air-fluid level on the left side with a mediastinal shift to the right side. Diagnostic thoracocentesis was done which showed the presence of frank pus. Presumptive diagnosis of the left-sided tubercular pyopneumothorax was made as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause of pyo in India. In view of repeated complaint of dysphagia, barium swallow was done which showed the tapered narrowing of the distal esophagus “(bird’s beak)” appearance. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed the left upper lobe consolidation with large left-sided hydropneumothorax, dilated esophagus with tapering in the distal part. Based on the above investigations, we diagnosed the patient to have achalasia cardia which leads to pyopneumothorax due to repeated aspiration pneumonitis. Pyopneumothorax most commonly occurs as a complication of infection. It can occur as a complication of aspiration pneumonia. Achalasia cardia is a rare cause. Therefore, in a patient having recurrent episodes of pyopneumothorax, a history of dysphagia and recurrent episodes of vomiting and regurgitation needs to be elicited as this may be attributed to achalasia cardia.

KEY WORDS: Achalasia cardia, auerback’s plexus, pyopneumothorax

How to cite this article: Jain S, Agrawal R, Agarwal R, Rana R. Rare case of achalasia cardia shadowed by pyopneumothorax. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2018;3(4):72-73.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 15-11-2018

Accepted: 07-12-2018