Bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder is often seen together. The prevalence rate of this comorbidity can be as high as 15-35%. This comorbidity alters the presentation and course of both disorders. Rate of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders along with substance abuse also increased significantly. Increased frequency of suicidal ideation leads to increased mortality in this population. Treatment requires adequate mood stabilization, judicious use of anti-obsessive medicines with close monitoring for manic/hypomanic switch.

KEY WORDS: Bipolar disorder, mood stabilizer, obsessive-compulsive disorder
How to cite this article: Yaduvanshi R, Agrawal A, Natasha, Ali R, Kuchhal A, Jaiswal A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder comorbidity. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2020;5(2):41-44.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 12-03-2020

Accepted: 19-04-2020

Published: 25-05-2020

Now a days when general public is experiencing various types of fears and anxieties due to the COVID-19 pandemic, keeping the mental dimension of health in optimum state is now becoming the important task for all of us. Mental health disorders arising due this COVID-19 pandemic are very serious issues in this crucial time for whole human race. It the time to show the solidarity not only against the notorious virus but also against various types of social issues and uncertainties arise due unavailability of true facts and information about virus, its transmission, exact number of daily reported cases, lack sure treatment and vaccination. Keeping all these facts in mind the review was written to analyze the problems of all ages and stages of life of people of whole world and on the basis of some conclusions the recommendations were also given.

KEY WORDS: Anxieties, COVID-19, depression, fears, mental health, pandemic
How to cite this article: Siddiqui AM, Singh A, Nath D. Review of mental health status of general public during pandemic of COVID-19. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2020;5(2):45-48.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 17-04-2020

Accepted: 27-04-2020

Published: 30-04-2020

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is the result of cumulative exposures over decades. Tobacco smoking, occupational, outdoor, and indoor air pollution (burning of wood and other biomass fuels) are the major risk factors for COPD. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the respiratory symptoms and lung functions in patients with COPD associated with biomass and tobacco exposure.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated symptoms and spirometry data of 512 patients who underwent spirometry at the pulmonary function laboratory of our institute. Clinical data were collected from a standardized respiratory questionnaire recommended as per American Thoracic Society guidelines. From the total of 512 patients, we selected 188 patients who had COPD as per gold guidelines.
Results: There was no difference in respiratory symptoms, lung functions, and severity of disease in biomass and tobacco group (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Biomass smoke is an important risk factor for COPD. Biomass and tobacco smoke have a similar type of deleterious effect on lung functions.

KEY WORDS: Biomass smoke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tobacco smoke
How to cite this article: Tiwari VK, Agarwal R, Khurana A, Akbar N, Chowdhary P, Badwe D. Comparative study of respiratory symptoms and lung functions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with biomass smoke and tobacco smoke exposure. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2020;5(2):49-53.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 02-07-2017

Accepted: 18-07-2017

Published: 05-04-2020

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the pattern of mandibular fractures in children < 14 years of in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from 2015 to 2018 across different centers in Bareilly involving 231 pediatric patients <14 years. The parameters evaluated during the course of study were age, gender distribution, etiology of trauma, and type of mandibular fracture.
Results: It was observed that out of 231 children with facial bone fractures, 59.30% were 6-14 years (school age) old and 40.69% were under 6 years (pre-school) of age. It was seen that males were more commonly involved. Falls were the most frequent mode of injury (50.69%) and body of the mandible was most commonly involved in mandibular fractures.
Conclusion: The incidence of pediatrics facial fractures in Bareilly was high. The 6-14 years olds and boys were most commonly involved in maxillofacial pediatrics trauma. The most common etiological factor was the fall.

KEY WORDS: Angle, body, condyle, coronoid, maxillofacial, parasymphysis, pediatric, symphysis, trauma
How to cite this article: Thakur J, Malakar S. Pattern of pediatric mandibular fractures in Bareilly – A retrospective study. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2020;5(2):54-56.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 02-04-2020

Accepted: 17-04-2020

Published: 24-04-2020

Introduction: Since the introduction of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), it has been well acknowledged that PCNL has varying grades of complexities that affect stone clearance and post-operative complications. There is, thus, a need to standardize the success and the perioperative complexity associated with the procedure. Such a purpose can be achieved using scoring system which can generalize the criteria for stratification of the complexity of PCNL. The ""Guy's Stone Score"" (GSS) which was validated in 2011 by Thomas et al. is a valuable tool that can be used in the stratification of the complexity of PCNL into four grades depending on the stone burden along with the anatomy of both the patient and the renal tract.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate GSS in patients undergoing PCNL in predicting the complexity of the procedure.
Materials and Methods: The study design was a prospective observational study which was conducted on 80 patients who underwent PCNL at Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, between November 2018 and October 2019. The GSS was determined preoperatively for each patient using intravenous urography (IVU). All patients underwent PCNL as per the standard protocol. Stone-free status was determined using X-ray kidneys, ureters, and bladder on the 2^nd postoperative day.
Results: Out of 80 patients, 37 patients (46.3%) belonged to Grade I, 26 patients (32.5%) belonged to Grade II, eight patients (10%) belong to Grade III, and nine patients (11.3%) belonged to Grade IV. Overall Stone-free status was accomplished in in 73 patients (91.25%). A complete stone-free rate (100%) was achieved among patients belonging to Grades I and II, while 7 (87.5%) out of eight patients belonging to Grade III had a complete stone-free status and only three patients (33.3%) belonging to Grade IV had complete stone-free status.
Conclusion: GSS based on IVP is a simple and useful tool which can stratify the complexity of PCNL preoperatively and can help in counseling of patients preoperatively regarding the outcome of PCNL.

KEY WORDS: GSS, PCNL, IVU
How to cite this article: Sahay BK, Seth S, Agarwal R. Grading the complexity of percutaneous nephrolithotomy using the guy's stone score based on intravenous pyelogram. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2020;5(2):57-61.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 11-03-2020

Accepted: 15-04-2020

Published: 29-05-2020

Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula is an extremely rare complication of acute Cholecystitis. A total of 169 cases have been reported in the past 50 years. We are also reporting this very rare complication. A 35-years-old female patient presented to us in the surgery outpatient department with complains of a supra umbilical discharging sinus for the past 2 years. High-dose contrast-enhanced computed tomography of whole abdomen was done and patient revealed cholelithiasis with choledocholithiasis with a cholecystocutaneous fistula. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography removal of the common bile duct stone with stenting was followed by an exploratory laparotomy and cholecystectomy with fistulectomy. The patient was discharge in a satisfactory condition.

KEY WORDS: Gall stone disease, cutaneous fistula, choledocholithiasis
How to cite this article: Yadav A, Pandey CP, Seth S. A rare case of cholecystocutaneous fistula. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2020;5(2):62-63.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 07-04-2020

Accepted: 22-04-2020

Published: 02-05-2020

Laryngeal tuberculosis accounts for <1% among patients of tuberculosis and is most often associated with primal lung infection^[1] In many cases, it is laryngoscopy features mimic malignancy. We illustrate the difficulty of recognizing laryngeal tuberculosis both clinically and radiologically in a 60-year-old man who presented with the clinical picture of laryngeal mass which turned out to be tuberculosis on histopathology.

KEY WORDS: Culture, antitubercular therapy, tuberculosis
How to cite this article: Agarwal R, Khan J, Jain S. A rare case of laryngeal tuberculosis simulating malignancy. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2020;5(2):64-66.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 05-04-2020

Accepted: 20-04-2020

Published: 30-04-2020