Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases of the ear worldwide, especially affecting children. The resultant hearing loss can have a negative effect on a child’s speech development, education, and behavior.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of hearing impairment due to otitis media in Indian children.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 240 children with otitis media presenting to OPD of a tertiary care center in West Uttar Pradesh region of India. Hearing was evaluated using tuning fork test and audiometry.
Results: Most common type of otitis media was acute suppurative otitis media in 105 (44%) children out of 240 children. Seventy-three (30.4%) children were found to have CSOM. Maximum number of patients (69%) had mild hearing loss while only few (4%) of the patients had disabling severe hearing loss.
Conclusion: Otitis media is of most common cause of hearing loss in children and adolescents and when treated well within time the damage can be reversed and the hearing loss can be regained. On the contrary, if otitis media is neglected, it can cause further worsening of the hearing impairment and ultimately complications which can prove fatal.

KEY WORDS: Adolescent, audiometry, hearing imapirment, otitis media
How to cite this article: Chandra S, Mohan C, Rahman A. Pattern of hearing impairment in adolescent patients with otitis media. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2019;4(2):28-30.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 11-09-2019

Accepted: 05-10-2019

Introduction: Blunt abdominal trauma is one of the leading cause of death and splenic injuries are one of the common culprits. Clinical examination and laboratory data are nonspecific for diagnosing the cases of splenic injuries.lt is important to manage splenic injury in specific time interval to restore appropriate functionality, save patients life and avoid unnecessary exploratory laparotomy. Radiological imaging modalities play a very significant role in diagnosing, assessing the severity and thus guiding the course of treatment. Management of splenic injuries depends upon severity of injury i.e., high-grade injuries require surgical intervention whereas low-grade injuries can be managed conservatively. Ultrasonography is the commonly used imaging method as it is cheap and widely available. However CT scan is considered as the radiological gold standard.
Material and Methods: This was a prospective study done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, RMCH, Bareilly, from l^st November 2018 to 30^th October 2019. All the patients with history of blunt abdominal trauma and suspected splenic injury who visited the causality Department of Rohilkhand medical college were included in the study.
Results: The most common pattern of splenic injury was subscapular hematoma (79.92%) followed by intra-parenchymal hematoma, laceration and Pseudoaneurysm. The most common Grade of injury was grade II (46.66%) followed by grade I.

KEY WORDS: Contusion, CT Scan, laceration, splenic injury, ultrasound
How to cite this article: Kumar M, Pandey A, Sharma H, Raj A, Kumar L. Radiological patterns of splenic injuries in blunt abdominal trauma: Experience at tertiary care center. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2019;4(2):31-35.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 07-09-2019

Accepted: 24-09-2019

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is rare and accounts for 10-15% of all tuberculosis cases, the involvement of oral cavity accounts for 0.05-5% of total cases of tuberculosis. The rarity of tuberculosis to affect tongue is multifactorial.
Case Report: A 45-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of non-healing ulcer over the left lateral aspect of the tongue for the last 3 months. On examination, 2 × 3 cm irregular ulcer present on the left lateral aspect of the tongue. Histopathological examination showed the presence of acid-fast bacilli on Ziehl–Neelsen staining for tuberculosis, and cartridge-based nucleotide acid amplification test (CBNAAT) was positive for tubercle bacilli.
Discussion: Tuberculosis involving oral cavity is usually secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis and is often undiagnosed, whereas primary tuberculosis of the tongue is extremely rare and generally occurs following a breach in the oral mucosa due to various reasons. CBNAAT is another newer modality of diagnosing tuberculosis from tissue samples apart from Ziehl–Neelsen staining and histopathology.
Conclusion: Ulcer of tubercular origin should be in the differential diagnosis of non-healing ulcers of oral cavity. CBNAAT is also emerging as the latest diagnostic modality which is efficient, fast with good yield.

KEY WORDS: Cartridge-based nucleotide acid amplification test, histopathology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Ziehl–Neelsen staining
How to cite this article: Gupta S, Garg C, Verma K, Mohan C, Srivastava A, Sinha ON. Tuberculosis of the tongue mimicking malignancy: A rare case report. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2019;4(2):36-38.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 02-10-2019

Accepted: 23-10-2019

Long-standing chronic otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma is the cause of bony destruction over the labyrinth and is one of the disabling intratemporal complications of COM. The lateral semicircular canal being the most common and very few cases reported for promontory fistula. We report a case of promontory fistula which is rare to see in modern practice. One must consider this rare intraoperative finding in any patient of COM with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss.

KEY WORDS: Cholesteatoma, cochlear fistula, profound sensorineural hearing loss, promontary fistula
How to cite this article: Saxena A, Mohan C, Srivastava A, Sinha ON. Promontory fistula: A rare entity to see in a three tiers health system. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2019;4(2):39-41.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None

Received: 21-09-2019

Accepted: 17-10-2019

Diabetes mellitus is a disease with raised blood sugar levels in blood. It can be either due to impaired uptake of glucose by tissues or due to changes in insulin secretion or functioning. It is a multiorgan disease affecting most of the organs or systems of the body if uncontrolled. Similarly, it has been found that the periodontium and the periapical tissues get affected due to increased blood sugar levels and vice versa. In the same light, this review has been written to explain this physiology, effects, management, and prognosis.

KEY WORDS: Anachoresis, apical periodontitis, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, inflammation
How to cite this article: Charles SE, Pandey R, Ellis PS, Charles ES. Influence of diabetes mellitus on apical periodontitis. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2019;4(2):42-45.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 13-08-2019

Accepted: 08-09-2019

Introduction: India being the world’s largest democracy with about 300 million people living in conditions of extreme poverty . Consumption of tobacco in various forms is one of the most common practices in India and it constitutes about 28.6% of the Indian population. Consumption of tobacco is a major health problem and a concern of immediate attention as it has a direct effect on cardiovascular system thereby causing atherosclerosis results in an increase in the risk of adverse cardiac events.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 male subjects with 60 each of smokers and non-smokers of 25–50 years age group selected and blood samples of the same were collected after an overnight fasting of about 12 h. The complete lipid profile was obtained and analyzed statistically.
Results: The observed fasting lipid value in mg/dl was: Total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoproteins (LDL), LDL, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and triglycerides were 221.01 ± 39.39, 3.33 ± 20.01, 119.99 ± 39.11, 31.91 ± 7.51, and 241.80 ± 96.02, respectively, and TC/HDL ratio was 7.01 ± 1.65 and the result was found to be significantly higher in smokers when compared to non-smokers.
Discussion: Smoking tobacco causes increased concentration of nicotine in blood and it also causes abnormal lipid profile due to sympathetic stimulation by nicotine. It also results in increase in levels of catecholamine’s which further enhances lipolysis and deranges lipid profile.
Conclusions: Increase in the level of blood nicotine causes and promotes coronary, and cerebral atherosclerosis causing premature death and lipid profile was significantly higher among smokers when compared to non-smokers.

KEY WORDS: Atherosclerosis, chronic smokers, serum lipid profile, smoking
How to cite this article: Singh N, Agrawal S. Tobacco smoking: Health impact and association with serum lipid profile. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2019;4(2):46-48.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 09-09-2019

Accepted: 28-09-2019

Tuberous sclerosis is a rare multisystem syndromic disease that is autosomal dominant and involves multiple organs causing non-cancerous growth in the brain and other vital organs. The incidence of this disease is very low involving 1 in 10,000 of new births. Most of the features of this syndrome become evident in early stages of life. Here, with this article, we report a case of 14-year-old female patient with this rare disease.

KEY WORDS: Autosomal dominanat, hamartomas, tuberous sclerosis
How to cite this article: Sharma A, Bhambri A, Ahmed SM. A rare case of tuberous sclerosis: A case report. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2019;4(2):49-51.

Source of Support: Nil,

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Received: 23-09-2019

Accepted: 12-10-2019